Identification of patients with suspected NSTE-ACS in the observe zone: evaluating GRACE 1.0 score and a biomarker panel for risk stratification and management optimization

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Frequency of all-cause death over 365 days in relation to GRACE-score. The y-axis represents the frequency of all-cause death at 365 days, while the x-axis shows the GRACE-score. A red line marks a 5% mortality threshold, which coincides with a GRACE-score of 109 points, delineating the low-risk group. The area from 0 to 109 GRACE points is shaded green, indicating the region of low mortality risk

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  Fig. 2. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis of the RAPID-CPU cohort. NPV, negative predictive value; Se, sensitivity. †, represents the number of deaths within the cohort

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  Fig. 3. Frequency of biomarker measurements within the RAPID-CPU cohort. Histogram illustrating the distribution of biomarker measurements across the cohort. Biomarker names (eGFR, hemoglobin, CRP, NT-proBNP, D-dimer, and copeptin) are presented on the x-axis, while the y-axis denotes the percentage of measurements (%). Each bar is segmented into blue (indicating values within normal range) and red (indicating values above threshold), corresponding to normal and abnormal biomarker values, respectively. The percentages of normal and abnormal measurements are delineated within their respective segments. CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide

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  Fig. 4. Kaplan–Meier survival curves illustrating the probability of survival within (A) 30 days and (B) 1 year for patients in the RAPID-CPU cohort, and within (C) 30 days and (D) 1 year for patients in the BACC cohort. BACC, Biomarkers in Acute Cardiac Care

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  Fig. 5. Comparison of each algorithm's performance for predicting all-cause mortality. BACC, Biomarkers in Acute Cardiac Care; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value