Why the study?
Most public ECG databases lack detailed QRS morphology labels or complete 12-lead recordings, and manual annotation remains time-consuming, subjective, and dependent on multiple reviewers.
CardioMark provides an open-source, customizable MATLAB toolbox to facilitate efficient and standardized ECG annotation for machine learning applications.
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May aid standardized ECG annotation for ML research; leaves open prospective validation before clinical workflows.
With the growing use of machine learning, especially deep learning, in ECG analysis, access to well-annotated databases has become increasingly important. However, most public ECG databases lack detailed QRS morphology labels or complete 12-lead ECG recordings. Manual annotation remains essential but is time-consuming, subjective, and often requires multiple reviewers. CardioMark is an open-access MATLAB toolbox that simplifies and improves ECG annotation through an intuitive graphical interface. It supports multi-observer input, session-based work, and easy export for machine learning applications. Its modular design allows customization for various ECG tasks, making it a useful tool for both research and education in clinical cardiology.
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Abdel-Rahman et al. (2025) studied this question.
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