Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Induction of Peptic Ulcer: A Comprehensive Review

Peptic ulcers have a significant impact on global mortality and morbidity rates. The primary causative factors explored in this review include H. pylori infection, unhealthy lifestyle choices, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Addressing this pressing health issue requires raising awareness and developing novel medications and therapies, which necessitates further research. This article encompasses a wide range of information on peptic ulcers, covering their epidemiology, etiological factors, pathogenesis, antiulcer agents, synthetic compounds, and experimental animal models. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers by providing a comprehensive overview of peptic ulcer disease. The review emphasizes the critical role of experimental animal models in advancing our understanding of the disease and facilitating the development of novel treatments. By utilizing these models, researchers can gain deeper insights into the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers and evaluate potential therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, this review highlights the need for continued research efforts to address the challenges posed by peptic ulcer disease. By fostering awareness, promoting research, and encouraging the implementation of effective therapies, we can collectively strive towards reducing the burden of peptic ulcer disease and improving the health and well-being of individuals worldwide.