Ensiled Pleurotus ostreatus based spent mushroom substrate from corn: In vitro gas production, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient degradation, and ruminal fermentation characteristics

production, degradability of DM, and proportions of acetate and propionate but decreased NDF and ADF degradability. Total VFA and butyrate were highest (P < 0.05) in the diet with 50% SMS inclusion. In conclusion, SMS can replace up to 50% of corn silage in the diets of beef and non-lactating dairy cows; however, extending the ensiling duration is not recommended.