Pearl-Inspired Gelatin/Chitosan-Reinforced Conductive Hydrogel with High Strength, Freeze Resistance, and Stability for Flexible Wearable Sensors

, a Young's modulus of 0.69 MPa, and an electrical conductivity of 0.83 S/m, along with excellent freeze resistance, water retention, and long-term stability. As a flexible sensor, the hydrogel demonstrates a linear response over a broad strain range (0-500%), outstanding cyclic stability (2000 cycles), and a rapid dynamic response (336 ms). Even under frigid conditions, it enables real-time, precise monitoring of human motions such as finger, wrist, elbow, and knee joint movements, as well as gesture changes, and enables the accurate capture of dynamic writing trajectories. This work presents a novel and effective strategy for designing high-performance resilient hydrogels, offering a promising route for developing flexible electronic sensors with high strength and stability.