Historical analysis reveals customs meteorological collaboration to enhance typhoon warning services.
Based on the Chinese Maritime Customs historical archives and documents, this paper holds that the Inspectorate General of Customs, Robert Hart (1835-1911), originally wanted to build an independent observatory and customs meteorological observation network within the Customs, but it could not be realized for many reasons. Finally, he chose to cooperate with the Zikawei (徐家汇) Observatory and Hong Kong Observatory to provide customs meteorological observation data. The tragic loss of life and property caused by seasonal typhoons and the urgent demand for typhoon warning services pushed the Chinese maritime customs meteorological stations to share observation data with neighboring observatories, reflecting the contribution of social demand to meteorological scientific research. Through meteorological cooperation, customs meteorological observation stations established early observation norms, and meteorological observation data became an important support for typhoon warning in modern times.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Chen et al. (2023) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: