What question did this study set out to answer?

To explore the interaction between modern science and Buddhism in China, especially during periods of decline.

May 8, 2026ReligionsOpen Access

Encountering Science: The Transformation of the Buddhist Knowledge System in Modern China

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Examines how Buddhist intellectuals adapt to modern science's influence, suggesting new frameworks in a declining tradition.

To explore the interaction between modern science and Buddhism in China, especially during periods of decline.
Analyzed historical intellectual movements from 1915 to 1923, specifically the New Culture Movement and anti-religious critiques.
Investigated how Buddhist intellectuals repositioned their teachings in relation to modern scientific discoveries and philosophies.
Examined the integration of Buddhist concepts into modern academic disciplines, including history and psychology.
Buddhist intellectuals presented Buddhism as scientifically valid, drawing parallels with modern scientific theories.
Buddhism was redefined as a complement to science, addressing spiritual needs not met by a materialistic view.
Traditional Buddhist elements were systematically altered to fit modern scholarly frameworks, reducing their sacredness.

Wenli Fan (2026) studied this question.

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