Role of Spexin and Glucose Transporter Type 4 on Insulin Resistance in a Male Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a condition that requires careful and mindful management, as well as prediabetes is a serum health condition that usually does not have any signs or symptoms insulin resistance is a global problem and the hormones responsible for it are complex net, adipocyte hormones as spexin and insulin may be our indication when there that indication is screening, diagnosis, or follow- up. These hormones control energy homeostasis and metabolism. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of serum spexin and serum glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) in insulin resistance as a screening hormone and there is a possibility of predicting the status of insulin resistance. Materials and Methods: The study involved 66 subjects, 22 patients with T2DM, 22 individuals diagnosed with prediabetes, and 22 healthy individuals with an age range between 41 and 63 years. In the study, each body mass index (BMI), serum fasting blood sugar, blood hemoglobin A1c %, body fat percent, serum spexin, serum GLUT4, serum insulin estimation (hemostatic model assessment insulin resistance), and the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index were measured for all individuals. Results: All groups in terms of matching their general studies, their age, and BMI documented no significant differences ( P > 0.05) among the studied groups. Serum insulin in prediabetes patients showed significant ( P ≤ 0.05, 29.9 ± 2.1 mIU/mL) elevation in individuals, whereas T2DM patients also found significant ( P ≤ 0.05, 20.3 ± 2.2 mIU/mL) elevation when compared with healthy groups, serum spexin showed significant elevation ( P ≤ 0.05,194.81 ± 51.06 ng/L) in the prediabetic individual show the highest significant elevation in there fat percentage (16.23 ± 4.11%). Serum GLUT4 showed decreased significance ( P ≤ 0.05) in T2DM patients when compared with other groups. In addition, GLUT4 showed a significant decrease with P ≤ 0.05 in prediabetic subjects when compared with healthy groups, whereas, serum spexin showed significant elevation in T2DM patient with their fat percentage showed a significant decrease when compared with healthy subjects ( P ≤ 0.05, 141.51 ± 44.58 ng/L). Conclusion: Elevation of serum spexin and decreased serum GLUT4 may hold a sign of insulin resistance with obesity in prediabetic individuals.