Enhanced Prediction of Peripheral Artery Disease Using Plasma Proteomics Among Individuals Without Diabetes

BACKGROUND: Although peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an important diabetes complication, a substantial proportion of cases occur among individuals without diabetes. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of plasma proteomics in the long-term risk of PAD among individuals initially free of diabetes. METHODS: Included were 46 508 participants (6046 with prediabetes) without diabetes or major cardiovascular disease at recruitment of the UK Biobank. Using multivariable Cox regression models, a total of 2923 unique plasma proteins were assessed for the associations with incident PAD. Significant proteins were subsequently processed by a trained light gradient boosting machine classifier to determine important proteins. Using receiver operating characteristic analyses, the performance of these important proteins in predicting incident PAD were evaluated, in the whole sample and by glycemic status (normoglycemia and prediabetes). RESULTS: ). These observations were consistent for participants with normoglycemia or prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma protein biomarkers enhance the prediction of long-term risk for PAD among individuals without diabetes, regardless of glycemic status.