Abstract Background: Tonsillitis is most frequently seen in acute, chronic, and recurring forms. It is generally the result of an infection, which may be viral or bacterial. Objectives: Isolation and identification of some aerobic bacterial species from tonsillitis patients and evaluation of IL-1β in patients infected with bacteria, in the status of acute, chronic, and recurrent tonsillitis. Estimation of some hematological parameters in patients with acute and chronic tonsillitis and comparing them with control group, and study of the correlation coefficient among studied parameters in patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred ten patient samples (throat swab, saliva, blood) were collected from patients with tonsillitis attending an ear and nose and throat (ENT) consultant at Kirkuk General Hospital and Children Hospital in Kirkuk city for the period from November 27, 2022 to February 30, 2023. Results: This study showed that the incidence of tonsil infections is caused by gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is the most abundant species with a percentage of (58.5%), then Staphylococcus hemolyticus (14.6%), and Streptococcus parasanguinis (9.7%). The less abundant isolates were Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis which were (2.4%) percentage for both of them. The younger age group (4–10 years) was the most frequent in infection. Tonsillar enlargement and dysphagia were the most abundant symptoms among the patients. IL-1β was high in recurrent tonsillitis (45.77 ± 8.06 pg/mL). The results of blood tests showed that there was no significant difference ( P < 0.05) in the rate of the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and blood platelets. They also showed that there were significant differences in the average of the total number of white blood cells, as well as in the rate of the number of neutrophil cells, white blood cells, and lymphocytes in the acute, chronic, and recurrent tonsillitis groups compared with the control group.
Abdulmalek et al. (Thu,) studied this question.