Spatiotemporal response of photosynthetic characteristics in Epimedium pubescens to understory environmental factors across three agroforestry systems

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This study aims to investigate the photosynthetic responses of Epimedium pubescens to various environmental factors in different agroforestry systems.
Monitored photosynthetic traits of E. pubescens across three forest types during the growing season (April–December).
Plants were assessed at different positions (inter-row vs. under-canopy) to evaluate positional differences.
Applied structural equation modeling to analyze the relationships between photosynthesis and environmental variables.
Photosynthetic characteristics varied significantly by tree species and planting position, particularly in P. zhennan forests where inter-row plants had higher P n than under-canopy plants.
Canopy characteristics and stand density were key in regulating microenvironmental differences, with solar radiation being the primary driver of spatial variation.
At the diurnal scale, P n was driven by solar radiation (R² = 0.524), while g s was mainly regulated by vapor pressure deficit and air humidity.

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Examines photosynthetic traits of E. pubescens in different forest stands, indicating environmental regulation.

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Li et al. (2026) studied this question.

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