A novel Triple-Absorber transition-metal–metalloid architecture (TATMA) is proposed for high-efficiency, lead-free broadband photovoltaics, comprising the stack FTO/LB-SO/Cs 2 PdBr 6 /Cs 4 CuSb 2 Cl 12 /CsSnGeI 3 /D-PBTTT-C14/Ni. LBSO is used as a high-mobility, chemically robust electron-transport scaffold whose band alignment with halide absorbers reduces extraction losses and suppresses ETL-related hysteresis. The conjugated polymer D-PBTTT-C14 serves as a crystalline, film-forming hole-transport layer that improves contact with the low-bandgap subcell while delivering thermal and morphological stability relative to many small molecule HTLs. Numerical device modeling with SCAPS-1D predicts Voc = 1.161 V, Jsc = 36.07 mA/ cm -2 , FF = 88.41% and a simulated PCE = 37.04%, demonstrating the architecture’s theoretical potential when absorption, transport and interface energetics are co-optimized. By combining a transparent, high mobility oxide ETL, three complementary lead-free absorbers, and a robust polymer HTL within a single stacked junction, the TATMA delivers a practical, environmentally responsible platform for next-generation inorganic photovoltaics that emphasizes stability, spectral breadth, and interface engineering.
G. et al. (Fri,) studied this question.