Abstract — The importance of 21 federal specially protected natural areas for the protection of grayling ( Thymallus , Salmonidae) has been identified in the Amur River basin. The highest representativeness is found in the Bureinsky Nature Reserve; three species of grayling live there (Amur grayling Th. grubii , Baikal-Lena grayling Th. baicalolenensis and Bureya grayling Th. burejensis ). Two species ( Th. grubii , Th. baicalolenensis ) each inhabit the Sokhondinsky and Norsky nature reserves, the Khingansky-Arkharinsky Reserve, and the Tokinsky-Stanovoy National Park. In addition to the river populations of Th. baicalolenensis, a lake population lives in the Tokinsky-Stanovoy National Park which is the only one in the Amur basin. Two species (the Lower Amur Th. tugarinae and yellow-spotted Th. flavomaculatus ) each also inhabit the Bikin and Anyuisky national parks, and Badzhalsky Nature Reserve. Th. tugarinae is the most protected species of grayling, it is protected in 14 nature reserves, but in 11 of them a significant part of the fish does not live all year round. Thymallus grubii is protected in seven areas, Th. baicalolenensis , in four, Th. flavomaculatus , in three areas. Thymallus burejensis is protected only in the Bureinsky Nature Reserve, and most of the fish winter below its borders. In most of the rivers of 17 nature reserves, there are no conditions for year-round habitat of graylings, which spend part of their annual life cycle outside their borders and are influenced by negative factors. Some species live year–round only in the rivers of four areas with large areas and different in elevation gradients: in the Bureinsky Nature Reserve ( Th. baicalolenensis ), Bikin National Park ( Th. tugarinae and Th. flavomaculatus ), the Badzhalsky (the same species) and Khingansky-Arkharinsky ( Th. grubii and Th. tugarinae ) reserves. Measures for protection of grayling in each nature reserve are proposed.
A. L. Antonov (Wed,) studied this question.