Marine economic development serves as a key pillar for achieving sustainable development in Indonesia, supported by the nation’s vast marine resource potential that can significantly drive long-term economic growth. However, progress in this sector is hindered by persistent challenges, including overfishing, coastal and marine urbanization, environmental degradation, limited infrastructure, climate change impacts, high logistics costs, and weak institutional coordination. Addressing these issues is essential to realizing sustainable marine development. Evaluating the performance of marine economic development is therefore critical to understanding the extent to which the sector is progressing sustainably. This study assesses Indonesia’s marine economic development from a sustainability perspective across three dimensions—economic, social, and environmental—using the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method in 15 provinces. GRA is employed to handle uncertainty and incomplete data and to evaluate the relational closeness among indicators in a complex, multidimensional system. The results show that Bali Province demonstrates the highest performance in marine economic development among the 15 provinces, while East Nusa Tenggara records the lowest performance. These findings can inform policy making aimed at promoting sustainable marine economic development in Indonesia.
Putri et al. (Thu,) studied this question.