Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Online Counseling Programs in the Digital Healthcare Era: Focusing on Comparison between Individual and Group Counseling

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Key Points

This meta-analysis aims to systematically analyze the effectiveness of online counseling programs and compare individual and group counseling.
Reviewed 42 studies (24 individual, 18 group) from 2000 to 2024 based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Calculated effect sizes using Hedges' g and assessed study quality with Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool.
Applied random effects model for analysis.
Overall effect size was moderate, g=0.465 (95% CI: 0.381-0.549).
Group counseling showed significantly higher effect size (g=0.542) compared to individual counseling (g=0.398), p=0.041.
Moderation effects indicated higher effectiveness in specific groups: parents (g=0.633), video counseling (g=0.521), and cognitive behavioral therapy (g=0.587).

Meta-analysis shows group counseling is more effective than individual counseling in a digital healthcare context.

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Lee et al. (2026) studied this question.

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