Defense for Children International—Palestine and Others v. Biden and Others

707 Relationship of international law and municipal law — Customary international law — Treaties — Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948 — Articles I and III(e) — Implementing United States legislation making genocide a federal crime — Israel launching military campaign in Gaza following attacks on Israel by Hamas militants on 7 October 2023 — Plaintiffs claiming Israel committing a genocide in Gaza against the Palestinian people — Senior Executive Branch officials providing diplomatic, military and financial support for Israel — Whether violating international law — Whether violating Articles I and III(e) of Genocide Convention — Whether United States’ support of Israel unlawful — Jurisdiction of the United States’ courts — Political question doctrine — Whether plaintiffs’ claims presenting political question — Separation of powers — Foreign affairs — United States’ foreign policy toward Israel — Limit on powers of judiciary — Subject matter jurisdiction — Whether courts lacking subject matter jurisdiction — Whether plaintiffs’ claims justiciable War and armed conflict — Israeli-Palestinian conflict — Hamas militants attacking Israel on 7 October 2023 — Israel mounting military campaign in Gaza — Senior Executive Branch officials providing diplomatic, military and financial support for Israel — Whether violating international law — Whether violating Articles I and III(e) of Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948 — Whether United States’ support of Israel unlawful — Whether plaintiffs’ claims justiciable under political question doctrine — The law of the United States