Heterogeneous Single/Dual‐Atom Electrocatalysts in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) hold exceptional promise for next‐generation energy storage, owing to their high theoretical energy density and natural abundance of sulfur. However, their commercialization is impeded by the polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics. The introduction of efficient electrocatalysts has identified as a pivotal strategy to accelerate polysulfide conversion and suppressing shuttling. Among these, single‐atom and dual‐atom electrocatalysts (SAECs/DAECs) have emerged as a transformative frontier, offering maximal atom utilization, tunable electronic structures, and superior catalytic activity. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in SAECs/DAECs for high‐performance LSBs. The classification system under review begins by systematically categorizing catalysts based on active metal centers (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni, and others). Subsequently, critical discussions are presented on key synthesis methodologies, advanced in situ characterization techniques for mechanistic insights, and the underlying electrocatalytic mechanisms. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions are outlined to guide the rational design of SAECs/DAECs, with the aim of bridging the gap between laboratory innovation and the realization of practical, high‐energy‐density LSBs. This work is intended to inspire novel catalyst design, deepen mechanistic understanding, and accelerate the development of viable LSB technology.