Moderate continuous versus high-intensity interval training on gut dysbiosis and glucagon-like peptide hormone in irritable bowel syndrome

Introduction Regular physical activity is critical in maintaining or restoring gut microbiota equilibrium, potentially ameliorating gut dysbiosis (GD) associated with obesity. Our objective is to evaluate and compare the impacts of moderate-intensity interval training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on GD and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Materials and methods Sixty-six participants diagnosed with IBS of both sexes with a body mass index (BMI) of 30–34.9 kg/m 2 , 30–39 years, prediabetic status and a sedentary lifestyle were randomly and equally assigned into groups A (MICT + low FODMAP diet [LFD]), B (HIIT + LFD) and C (control; LFD only). The intervention lasted for 12 weeks, and training was performed on a treadmill. All groups underwent pre- and post-treatment assessments measuring serum GLP-1 concentrations, faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), IBS symptom severity (IBS severity scoring system [IBSSS]), quality of life (IBS-QoL questionnaire) and anthropometric parameters, including weight and height. Results Significant improvements in BMI, SCFA levels (acetate, propionate and butyrate), IBSSS and IBS-QoL scores (for all p < 0.001) were observed in Group A. In contrast, Group B exhibited significant increases in GLP-1 levels compared to the other groups ( p < 0.001). Conclusions Both MICT and HIIT, when combined with an LFD, confer distinct benefits in managing IBS. MICT demonstrated superior effects on reducing BMI, improving SCFA profiles and alleviating symptom severity, while HIIT was more effective in enhancing GLP-1 secretion. These findings support the use of tailored exercise interventions based on individual therapeutic goals in IBS management.