PIDA control of depth of hypnosis in total intravenous anesthesia

In this paper we discuss the use of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative-Acceleration (PIDA) controller for the Depth-of-Hypnosis (DoH) control in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). In particular, the infusion rate of the hypnotic drug propofol is the control variable and the bispectral index (BIS) is the controlled variable. The PIDA controller is tuned by using a population-based approach and its robustness is evaluated with a Monte Carlo method. The noise amplification is reduced by means of suitably designed low-pass filters. A comparison with a PID controller is performed, showing that the addition of the acceleration action allows us to design a more aggressive controller, thus reducing the risk of awareness of the patient in the maintenance phase.