Direct Four‐Electron Reduction of O2 to H2O on TiO2 Surfaces by Pendant Proton Relay

Relay race: By using polyprotic-acid-based pendant proton relays (phosphate, L-glutamic acid, and malonic acid), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on a TiO2 surface is switched from a single-electron process to a concerted 4 e−/4 H+ reduction to H2O. In contrast, monocarboxylic acids (PA and AA) without pendant proton relays only enhance the ORR reduction rate but barely change the reaction pathway. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.