The global prevalence of horizontal strabismus: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on ethnic variation

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Key Points

This research aims to quantify the global and regional prevalence of horizontal strabismus, particularly focusing on ethnic differences in esotropia and exotropia.
Compiled prevalence data from 315 population-based studies and 374 clinic-based studies.
Analyzed effects of ethnicity, geography, and age on prevalence of esotropia and exotropia.
Identified generational changes in patterns of horizontal strabismus.
Major ethnic groups exhibit different prevalence ratios of esotropia and exotropia.
Clinic-based studies significantly underestimate the prevalence of exotropia compared to population-based studies.
Variability in prevalence relates to geographical and methodological factors.

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Systematic review analyzes horizontal strabismus prevalence across ethnicities, indicating significant variability.

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Bartheld et al. (2026) studied this question.

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