What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to investigate the effects of lignosulfonate counterions on the performance of MUF adhesives in particleboards.

Sustainable Particleboards Using Lignosulfonate-Modified MUF Adhesives for Enhanced Bond Strength and Reduced Formaldehyde Emissions

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Randomized trial demonstrates enhanced bond strength in particleboards with modified adhesives, suggesting a path to sustainability.

This study aims to investigate the effects of lignosulfonate counterions on the performance of MUF adhesives in particleboards.
Investigated sodium and magnesium lignosulfonates at 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% concentrations.
Measured adhesive performance indicators including viscosity, gelation time, and pH.
Evaluated particleboards for density, mechanical properties, and formaldehyde emissions using ANOVA.
NaLS achieved a bending strength of 14.0 MPa with stable resin rheology.
MgLS reduced formaldehyde emissions by 34% to 1.06 mg/m2·h but increased viscosity and accelerated curing.
The counterion type significantly affected internal bond strength and formaldehyde emission (ηp2 = 0.602 and ηp2 = 0.691).

Bekhta et al. (2026) studied this question.

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