This article examines and classifies types of pedagogical observation in medical education, indicating their theoretical foundations.
This article examines the pedagogical observation method as one of the fundamental research and instructional tools in medical education. The study identifies and classifies the principal types of pedagogical observation - structured, unstructured, participant, non-participant, systematic, and naturalistic - and provides a detailed analysis of their theoretical foundations.
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Matluba et al. (2026) studied this question.
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