Enhanced Antibiotic Dissipation in Swine Wastewater Facilitated by Heavy Metals through a Transcriptionally Upregulated Microalgal Metallohydrolase

jointly stabilize the active conformation of MHO, enabling metal-dependent degradation of enrofloxacin and sulfadiazine into less toxic derivatives. The enzyme and the evolved strain exhibited broad pH and temperature tolerance, along with broad-spectrum degradation ability toward multiple fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides. This study unveils a previously unrecognized microalgal detoxification mechanism and demonstrates adaptive evolution as a powerful tool for engineering robust strains for complex wastewater bioremediation.