Efficacy of probiotic treatment with Bifidobacterium longum 536 for induction of remission in active ulcerative colitis: A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled multicenter trial

BACKGROUND AND AIM: We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum 536 (BB536) supplementation for induction of remission in Japanese patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Fifty-six patients with mild to moderate UC were enrolled. Three patients had pancolitis, 36 had left-sided colitis, and 17 had proctitis. Patients were randomly treated with 2-3 × 10(11) freeze-dried viable BB536 (28 patients) or placebo (28 patients) for 8 weeks. RESULTS: In total, 63% of patients receiving BB536 showed clinical remission (UC disease activity index [UCDAI] ≤2) at week 8 compared to 52% of those receiving placebo (P = 0.395). We observed a significant decrease of UCDAI scores (3.8 ± 0.4 at baseline to 2.6 ± 0.4 at week 8) in the BB536 group (P < 0.01), whereas there was no significant decrease in the placebo group (P = 0.88). There was also a significant decrease in the Rachmilewitz endoscopic index (EI) and the Mayo subscore at week 8 in the BB536 group, whereas there was no significant decrease in the placebo group. A single patient in the BB536 group complained of a mild side-effect, but no other adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with BB536 was well tolerated and reduced UCDAI scores, EI and Mayo subscores after 8 weeks in Japanese patients with mild to moderately active UC.