Vacuum electron acceleration by an intense laser

Using three dimensional test particle simulations, the characteristics and essential conditions under which an electron, in a vacuum laser beam, can undergo a capture and acceleration scenario (CAS) have been examined. When a0≳100 the electron can be captured and violently accelerated to energies ≳1 GeV, with an acceleration gradient ≳10 GeV/cm, where a0=eE0/meωc is the normalized laser field amplitude. The physical mechanism behind the CAS is that diffraction of the focused laser beam leads to a slowing down of the effective wave phase velocity along the captured electron trajectory, such that the electron can be trapped in the acceleration phase of the wave for a longer time and thus gain significant energy from the field.