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PPA-1 peptide could locoregionally block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to potentiate T-cell-mediated immune responses and minimize side effects. Eventually, by local injection of this supramolecular hydrogel, the synergistic cancer therapeutic effect was evaluated, showing promise in improving the objective response rate of immunotherapy and minimizing its systemic side effects.
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Liu et al. (2021) studied this question.
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