Caffeine increases performance and leads to a cardioprotective effect during intense exercise in cyclists

Figures

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  Figure 1. (A) Mean ± SE of V0 (%) at the pre supplementation, pre exercise, and post exercise (i.e., TT-test) with 3 experimental conditions: Placebo-Placebo (PP), Placebo-Caffeine (PC) and Caffeine-Caffeine (CC). (θ) Post was significantly different from other moments. (*) Significantly different from other moments (P < 0.05). (B) Mean ± SE of V1 (%) at the PRE suppl, PRE exerc and POST exercise (i.e., TT-test) with 3 experimental conditions: Placebo-Placebo (PP), Placebo-Caffeine (PC) and Caffeine-Caffeine (CC). (θ) Post was significantly different from other moments. (*) Significantly different from other moments (P < 0.05). (C) Mean ± SE of V2 (%) at the PRE suppl, PRE exerc and POST exercise (i.e., TT-test) with 3 experimental conditions: Placebo-Placebo (PP), Placebo-Caffeine (PC) and Caffeine-Caffeine (CC). (θ) Post was significantly different from other moments (P < 0.05). (*) Significantly different from other moments (P < 0.05).

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  Figure 2. (A) Mean ± SE of time to execute the TT-test with 3 experimental conditions: Placebo-Placebo (PP), Placebo-Caffeine (PC) and Caffeine-Caffeine (CC). (*) Significantly different from other experimental conditions (P < 0.05). (B) Mean ± SE of average power output (W) with 3 experimental conditions: Placebo-Placebo (PP), Placebo-Caffeine (PC) and Caffeine-Caffeine (CC) in three different moments of the TT-test. (*) Significantly different from other experimental conditions (P < 0.05).

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  Figure 3. (A) Mean ± SE of V0 (%) at the beginning, midway and final of exercise protocol with 3 experimental conditions: Placebo-Placebo (PP), Placebo-Caffeine (PC) and Caffeine-Caffeine (CC). (θ) Beggining was significantly different from midway and final of the exercise protocol in all experimental conditions; (Φ) Midway was significantly different from final of the exercise protocol in PC experimental conditions (P < 0.05); (#) Significantly difference between CC and PP experimental conditions at the midway of the exercise protocol (P < 0.05); (*) Significantly different from other experimental conditions (P < 0.05). (B) Mean ± SE of V1 (%) at the beginning, midway and final of exercise protocol with 3 experimental conditions: Placebo–Placebo (PP), Placebo–Caffeine (PC) and Caffeine–Caffeine (CC). (θ) Beggining was significantly different from midway and final of the exercise protocol in all experimental conditions (P < 0.05). (C) Mean ± SE of V2 (%) at the beginning, midway and final of exercise protocol with 3 experimental conditions: Placebo–Placebo (PP), Placebo–Caffeine (PC) and Caffeine–Caffeine (CC). (θ) Beggining was significantly different from midway and final of the exercise…

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  Figure 4. Dynamics of data acquisition. Placebo–Placebo (PP), Placebo–Caffeine (PC) and Caffeine–Caffeine (CC) conditions were tested in 16 km time Trial (16 km TT) performance and HRV analysis were done pre supplementation (HRV-SP PRE suppl), post supplementation (HRV-SP POST suppl) during 16 km TT (HRV-TT) and post 16 km TT (HRV-SP Post).