Viroporin activity is necessary for intercellular calcium signals that contribute to viral pathogenesis

, induces intercellular calcium waves that extend beyond the infected cell and contribute to pathogenesis. Viruses that lack the ability to induce this signaling show diminished viral shedding and attenuated disease in a mouse model of rotavirus diarrhea. This implicates nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) as a virulence factor and provides mechanistic insight into its mode of action. Critically, this signaling induces a transcriptional signature characteristic of interferon-independent innate immune activation, which is not observed in response to a mutant NSP4 that does not conduct calcium. This implicates calcium dysregulation as a means of pathogen recognition, a theme broadly applicable to calcium-altering pathogens beyond rotavirus.