Free-flooded ring underwater transducers provide major benefits such as high power handling, low mechanical quality factor (hence reasonably flat transmit response) and virtually no performance changes due to hydrostatic pressure. They can be manufactured in large dimensions and assembled as an array to achieve higher power levels and/or more directivity. In this paper a review of the free-flooded ring design methods will be presented. In addition, some examples will be given.
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E. Kuntsal (2003) studied this question.
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