Assessing psychometric properties of the revised Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire based on COSMIN: a systematic review

Objective The study aimed to systematically review the measurement properties of the revised Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) and the methodological quality of the studies to provide evidence for research related to sleep assessment in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed from inception to 10 August 2024. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guideline. We used the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias (RoB) checklist and the JBI cross-sectional study evaluation criteria to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, and the COSMIN quality criteria to assess the measurement properties of the revised RCSQ. Results A total of 14 studies were included, covering eight language versions of the revised RCSQ, mostly from Asian countries. The samples included ICU patients, older inpatients, orthopedic perioperative patients, and acute stroke patients. Internal consistency was good across most versions, but content validity, structural validity, cross-cultural validity, and measurement error were underreported or insufficient. Methodological quality showed some risk of bias, and the evidence across versions was inconsistent. Conclusion The revised RCSQ versions show good internal consistency but lack robust validation for key measurement properties. Future studies should follow updated COSMIN guidelines to improve design, reporting, and quality of evidence. Systematic review registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42023452082.