Cross‐Cultural Adaptation, Reliability and Validity of the Short Version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire ( PSDQ ) for Spanish Populations

OBJECTIVE: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the short version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire for use in Spanish populations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents of children aged 3-14 years attending private dental clinics, primary healthcare centers, and a university dental clinic. The adaptation process included forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, expert review, and pilot testing. Psychometric evaluation of 334 valid responses was performed. Exploratory factor analyses examined the seven parenting dimensions and Baumrind's three parenting styles, and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The Spanish version showed satisfactory structural validity, replicating the three parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive) and a coherent seven-dimension structure after removing three items (25, 26, 28) to improve reliability. Subscale internal consistency was acceptable (α = 0.84 authoritative; 0.74 authoritarian; 0.63 permissive). The authoritative style was most prevalent (M = 4.35, SD = 0.45). The final instrument included 29 items and showed improved reliability (α = 0.548). CONCLUSIONS: The short PSDQ was successfully translated and culturally adapted for Spanish-speaking parents, demonstrating adequate validity and reliability. The validated instrument provides a practical and culturally appropriate tool for assessing parenting behaviors, with applications in research, clinical practice, and pediatric dentistry.