Conditioned Medium From Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Early Bone Regeneration After Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation in Rabbits

PURPOSE: Conditioned medium from stem cells contains growth factors and has a promising prospect for use in regenerative medicine. In this study, the effects of marrow-derived stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on bone regeneration after maxillary sinus floor elevation were examined in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow-derived stem cells (rMSCs) were cultured with MSC-CM for 48 hours, and their mobilization and proliferation were evaluated. Beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds were impregnated with MSC-CM and grafted in the rabbit maxillary sinus cavities. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks after transplantation, sections of the newly formed bone were evaluated histologically and by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: MSC-CM increased the migration and proliferation of rMSCs and the early bone regeneration in rabbit sinus. Cell proliferation and vascularization were increased at 2 weeks after implantation of grafts impregnated with MSC-CM compared to controls, indicating that MSC-CM is effective at the early phase of bone regeneration. CONCLUSION: MSC-CM is a promising novel therapeutic agent to promote bone regeneration after maxillary sinus floor elevation.