Efficacy and application of a novel Hencumber formulation for reducing foot and mouth disease: A field trial in Egypt

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Hencumber is formulated and subjected to investigation. The new formulation named Hencumber is composed of two parts: the first part, henna and cucumber. From the proximate analysis results of fine powdered henna dry leaves (FPHDL), fresh cucumber fruit homogenate (HCF), and their mixture (Hencumber). The resulting mixture Hencumber contains higher percentages of primary metabolites and lower percentages of water thus increasing the percentage of dry matter. One of the advantages of this mixture is its completeness. The phytochemical profile of ethanol extract of henna is rich and complex, containing 14 groups such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, phenolics and other phytochemicals that contribute to their therapeutic effects. The concentrations of total phenolic compounds (TPCs mg/g GAE) in FPHDL were obviously higher than those in FHCF and their mixture, Hencumber which contained concentrations close to those of FPHDL. That results desirabled indicating increased antioxidant activity. Higher TPC levels in plant extracts intended to alleviate the symptoms of foot and mouth disease are also beneficial. Total flavonoids (TFs mg CE g−1 FW) ranged from 2.35±0.02 for Hencucumber to 3.375±0.28 for FPHDL. The levels of TFs in the three samples differ to a narrow extent. The highest concentration of total carotenoids (µg cm−1 FW) 13.62± 0.45 was found in the FHCF and the lowest one (5.2 ± 0.22) was in FPHD. Slight differences in chlorophyll concentrations (mg/g) were observed among the three extracts under study. The levels of 11 biochemical parameters in healthy, FMD-infected cattle and treated cattle were assayed. It is always observed that the levels of these three enzymes are higher in the FMD-infected group than in the healthy cattle group. In contrast, it was found that the levels of the gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGTS) enzyme are higher in the healthy cattle group and lower in the FMD infected group. In this article a formulation of dried henna leaves and fresh cucumber fruits was mixed to produce a combination that combines the properties of both components and concentrates their characteristics into a single ingredient, which can be used to reduce the severity of FMD. Biochemical indicators of 3 animal groups first one is healthy cattle group, the second one is FMD infected group and the third one is treated cattle group. Current results indicate that treating animals infected with FMD led to a clear improvement in protein synthesis and glucose levels, a reduction in cholesterol, and a decrease in liver enzyme levels. These improvements are positive and desirable indicators for combating the spread of the disease.