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In vitro study demonstrates sustained siRNA delivery from 3D-printed bioactive ink in patient-derived calvarial cells, suggesting a minimally invasive therapeutic approach for craniosynostosis.
mRNA knockdown and reduced downstream protein signalling activation, including pFGFR2 (60%), pERK1/2 (37%) and RUNX2 (43%) in patient-derived cells. PLGA NPs demonstrated high siRNA encapsulation efficiency, efficient cytoplasmic delivery and lysosomal escape. When embedded in GelMA and 3D-printed, the GelMA-NP system showed sustained NP retention and a controlled-release profile, maintaining functional gene silencing for up to 20 days. This multifunctional platform not only supports FGFR2 modulation in CS but also holds translational promise as a customizable scaffold for delivering other bioactive compounds, advancing paediatric cranioplasty outcomes.
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Salvati et al. (2025) studied this question.
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