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Thermodynamic computer modeling was carried out to evaluate the formation of the chemical composition of main geochemical types of groundwaters. An explanation was proposed for the geochemical evolution of underground saline waters and brines along the calcic and sodic trends, the inversion of groundwater in the deep horizons of sedimentation structures, and the geochemical diversity of CO2-rich waters in crystalline rocks. The occurrence of hydrogeochemical processes is controlled by the physicochemical conditions of the state of the water-rock-gas system. The following parameters (boundary conditions) are critical in natural hydrogeologic environments: the mass ratio of interacting rock and water (R/W), the openness (closeness) of hydrogeochemical systems with respect to CO2 and O2, the chemical and mineral composition of rocks, and temperature-pressure conditions. The estimation of boundary conditions showed the following.
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Рыженко et al. (2012) studied this question.
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