Technical review demonstrates performance criteria for 100Gb/s PAM4 oxide VCSELs in multimode optical links, indicating viability for high-speed transceivers.
This paper will review the VCSEL performance requirements and link length limitations to support next generation 53Gbaud line rates with PAM-4 modulation for 100G per lane multi-mode optical links for both active optical cables and transceivers. VCSEL performance with bandwidth in excess of 25GHz and relative intensity noise lower than -145dB/Hz will be needed to enable this next generation of multi-mode links. VCSEL device performance and associated wear out life data will be included.
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Wang et al. (2020) studied this question.
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