Preparation and in vitro evaluation of hesperidin nanoparticles by antisolvent recrystallization in a double homogenate system

Hesperidin nanoparticles (HNPs) were made for the first time employing an antisolvent recrystallization technique in a double homogenate system with positive and negative clockwise rotation in order to completely use the underutilized nutritional components in citrus peel. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, and deionized water were used as the solvents and antisolvents in the hesperidin solution preparation. Hesperidin solution concentration of 60.26 mg/mL, homogenization speed of 8257 rpm, antisolvent-to-solvent volume ratio of 6.93 mL/mL, and homogenization time of 3.15 min were the ideal experimental conditions. HNPs have to be at least 72.24 nm in size. The structures of the produced hesperidin samples and the raw hesperidin powder were identical, according to the findings of the FTIR, XRD, and TG characterization tests. The HNP sample had an in vitro absorption rate that was 5.63 and 4.23 times greater than that of the raw hesperidin powder, respectively. It was discovered that DMSO was more suited than ethanol for creating HNP particles. In the realms of dietary supplements, therapeutic applications, and health promotion, the HNPs produced by the ARDH technology would be a potential formulation on increasing uses for a wider range of nutraceuticals (synergistic).