This paper presents a tri-level reliability-constrained robust power system expansion planning (SEP) framework modeling the uncertainty of electricity demand, wind power generation, and availability of units and lines. In the proposed tri-level SEP model, electricity demand and wind power generation being continuous uncertain variables are modeled by bounded intervals and availability of units and lines being discrete uncertain variables are modeled by probability distributions. Simulation results on the Garver 6-bus, the IEEE 24-bus, and the IEEE 73-bus test systems confirm the effectiveness of the proposed tri-level framework to cope with multi-fold planning uncertainties.
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Dehghan et al. (2015) studied this question.