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are successfully written, erased, and read out by local electrical and mechanical stimuli of a scanning probe. Interestingly, in contrast to the relatively short lifetime (<20 hours) of the normal skyrmions, the multiple π-twist target skyrmions and skyrmion bags show topology-enhanced stability with a lifetime of over two weeks. Experimental and theoretical analysis implies the heterostructures carry electric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction mediated by oxygen octahedral tiltings. The results demonstrate ferroelectric-metallic heterostructures as fertile playgrounds for topological states and emergent phenomena.
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Sun et al. (2025) studied this question.
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