A review on the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery in the management of obesity

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a chronic disease with a complex interplay of multiple factors such as genetic, metabolic, behavioral, and environmental factors. The management of obesity includes; lifestyle modification, psychological therapy, pharmacological therapy, and bariatric surgery. To date, bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity by offering a long-term reduction in weight, remission of obesity-related complications, and improving quality of life. However, bariatric surgery is not equally effective in all patients. Thus, if we can predict who would benefit most, it will improve the risk versus benefit ratio of having surgery. AREAS COVERED: In this narrative review, we explore the question on who will benefit the most from bariatric surgery by examining the recent evidence in the literature. In addition, we investigate the predisposing predictors of bariatric surgery response. Finally, we offer the best strategies in the clinic to explain the potential benefits of bariatric surgery to patients. EXPERT OPINION: Bariatric surgery is an effective obesity management approach. Despite its efficacy, considerable variation of individual response exists. Thus, it is important to recognize patients that will benefit most, but at present very few predictors are available which can be clinically useful.