Progress in Multidimensional Modification of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Silicon-Based Anode Materials: From Structural Design to Interface and Binder Optimization

Lithium-ion batteries are considered an important energy storage technology due to its high energy density against the background of the global carbon neutrality strategy. This paper provides a systematic review of four mainstream modification strategies and the related advancements in research relating to these issues. First, nanocrystallization engineering is effective in reducing the mechanical strain by reducing particles sizes, thereby reducing the risks of fracture, but at the cost of high specific surface area, which reduces initial Coulombic efficiency. Second, carbon Silicon composite designs allow confinement designs that include yolk shell structures to allow silicon to expand and increase the stability in the cycling respectably but there is a trade-off between the volumetric capacity and production costs. Third, surface and interface engineering creates artificial protective layers through such methods as molecular layer deposition (MLD), which truly isolates unfavorable electrolytic responses and greatly enhances interfacial kinetics under heavy loading provisions. Finally, functional binders employ self-healing in the dynamically self-healing to maintain the mechanics of electrodes in the microscale. The results show that the personal modification strategies cannot be used to simultaneously cover all the performance measures.