This mini-review uncovers efficient methods for removing synthetic dyes in wastewater, indicating innovative hybrid systems show promise for environmental health.
Key Points
The review aims to assess the environmental impact of synthetic dyes and explore sustainable removal strategies.
Reviewed major classes of synthetic dyes including anthraquinone and cationic dyes
Evaluated biological, chemical, and physical treatment methods
Analyzed hybrid systems combining multiple treatment approaches
Synthetic dyes pose significant human health risks, including mutagenicity and carcinogenicity
Biological treatments are eco-friendly but limited by scalability
Hybrid systems show improved dye removal efficiency with reduced environmental impact