INdian Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of ORal Lichen Planus ( INCORP )—Part I

OBJECTIVES: To develop India-specific consensus guidelines for accurate and uniform OLP diagnosis by integrating clinical and histopathological criteria, addressing regional disease burden, reducing diagnostic variability, and supporting early detection and improved patient outcomes. METHODS: The Indian Consensus on diagnosis and management of ORal Lichen Planus (INCORP) used a modified Delphi methodology involving 11 multidisciplinary experts. Three iterative rounds were conducted to review and refine diagnostic statements, with ≥ 80% agreement required for consensus. RESULTS: After three rounds of a modified Delphi process, consensus (≥ 80% agreement) was achieved for 40 out of 41 statements. ORal lichen planus (OLP) was defined as a chronic, immune-mediated mucosal disorder with bilateral, symmetrical reticular, atrophic, erosive, or plaque-like lesions. Consensus was reached on epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical variants, investigations, and malignant transformation risk. OLP was recognised as potentially malignant. Biopsy with histopathological evaluation was recommended for all suspected cases, supported by adjunctive immunofluorescence and cytological smears in selected presentations. CONCLUSION: This first Indian consensus provides a clinicopathological framework for accurate OLP diagnosis, early malignancy detection, and improved epidemiological reporting, ensuring uniformity in clinical practice and enhancing patient outcomes.