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May 13, 2026WaterOpen Access

Trace Metals in Water Intended for Human Consumption from Urban and Rural Areas of Satu Mare County, Romania: Spatial–Temporal Patterns and Health Risk

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Authors

DFDana Claudia FilipoiuUniversity of OradeaDGDaniela GiteaUniversity of OradeaRȘRaul Ștefan-PantișWest University of Timişoara

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Implication

Randomized trial evaluates trace metals and health risks in drinking water from urban and rural areas, highlighting concerns for health monitoring.

Key Points

  • This study aims to evaluate trace metals in drinking water and their associated health risks across urban and rural areas.
  • Analyzed 271 water samples from 122 localities in Satu Mare County from 2022 to 2024.
  • Used high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for metal detection.
  • Applied spatial analysis, non-parametric statistics, and principal component analysis to identify distribution patterns.
  • Arsenic concentrations reached 320.5 µg/L in rural groundwater, identified as the main contaminant.
  • 5.74% of samples showed non-carcinogenic risk (HRI > 1); limited arsenic-related carcinogenic risk (ILCR > 10−6) detected in 2024.
  • Distinct geochemical clusters revealed spatial localization of contaminants, with varying patterns between urban and rural areas.

Cite This Study

Filipoiu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a04158679e20c90b4445561https://doi.org/10.3390/w18101145
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