Angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy are differentially mediated by TLR3- and TLR4-dependent pathways

Angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension is dependent on the endosomal Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-Toll-interleukin receptor domain-containing adaptor protein-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) pathway of the innate immune system but not on cell membrane localized TLR4. However, ANG II-induced cardiac hypertrophy is regulated by both TLR4-TRIF and TLR3-TRIF pathways. Thus, ANG II-induced rise in systolic blood pressure is independent of TLR4-TRIF effect on cardiac hypertrophy. The TLR3-TRIF pathway may be a potential target of therapeutic intervention.