The genus Sida L. (Malvaceae): An update of its ethnomedicinal use, pharmacology and phytochemistry

Sida L. is one of the most diverse genera in the Malvaceae family and its species are used in different countries of the world for the treatment of various diseases, with such ethnomedicinal use supported by pharmacological assays. The main objective of this study is to update the knowledge on the biological and pharmacological activities and phytochemistry of Sida since the last revision of the genus published in 2015. Ethnobotanical, pharmacological and phytochemical information on the genus Sida was collected through various scientific research platforms. Our findings showed that the best studied species are S. acuta, S. cordifolia and S. rhombifolia, while few works have been dedicated to other species such as S. galheirensis. Sida species are traditionally used for the treatment of various conditions, especially ulcers, asthma, fever, pain, rheumatism and diarrhea. A total of 121 chemical constituents were listed, of which 89 were discovered in the last five years.