Key result
Folic acid and B vitamins showed preventive benefits for stroke, whereas multivitamins, vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin C had no effect, and niacin with statin increased all-cause mortality risk.
Why the study?
An updated systematic review and meta-analysis was needed to evaluate the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality.
Does vitamin and mineral supplementation reduce cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality?
Meta-Analysis
Does vitamin and mineral supplementation reduce cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality?
Folic acid and B vitamins may reduce stroke risk, but most common vitamin and mineral supplements do not provide cardiovascular benefits, and niacin combined with a statin may increase all-cause mortality.
This is an update of the previous 2018 systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin and mineral supplementation on cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality. New randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses were identified by searching the Cochrane library, Medline, and Embase, and data were analyzed using random effects models and classified by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation approach. This updated review shows similar findings to the previous report for preventive benefits from both folic acid and B vitamins for stroke and has been graded with moderate quality. No effect was seen for the commonly used multivitamins, vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin C, and an increased risk was seen with niacin (with statin) for all-cause mortality. Conclusive evidence for the benefit of supplements across different dietary backgrounds, when the nutrient is sufficient, has not been demonstrated.
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Jenkins et al. (2021) conducted a meta-analysis in Cardiovascular disease. Vitamin and mineral supplementation was evaluated on Cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality. Folic acid and B vitamins showed preventive benefits for stroke, whereas multivitamins, vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin C had no effect, and niacin with statin increased all-cause mortality risk.
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