Influence of Sex, BMI, and Skin Color on the Accuracy of Non-Invasive Cuffless Photoplethysmography-Based Blood Pressure Measurements

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Bland-Altman analysis of males and females. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure.

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  FIGURE 2. Correlation curves of males and females. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP, diastolic blood pressure.

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  FIGURE 3. Bland-Altman analysis of the body mass index (BMI) groups. Normal weight was defined as BMI<25, overweight was defined as 25 ≤BMI <30, and obese was defined as 30 ≤BMI. LOA level of agreement, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure.

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  FIGURE 4. Correlation curves of the body mass index (BMI) groups. Normal weight was defined as BMI <25, overweight was defined as 25 ≤BMI <30, and obese was defined as 30 ≤BMI. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure.

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  FIGURE 5. Bland-Altman analysis of the body’s skin color is based on the Fitzpatrick color scale (Fitzpatrick, 1988). Type 1—always burns, never tans, palest, can have freckles; Type 2—usually burns, tans minimally, light-colored but darker than fair; Type 3—sometimes mild burn, tans uniformly, golden honey or olive; Type 4—burns minimally, always tans well, moderate brown; Type 5—very rarely burns, tans very easily, dark brown; and Type 6—never burns, deeply pigmented dark brown to darkest brown. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure.

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  FIGURE 6. Correlation curves of the body’s skin color are based on the Fitzpatrick color scale (Fitzpatrick, 1988). Type 1—always burns, never tans, palest, can have freckles; Type 2—usually burns, tans minimally, light-colored but darker than fair; Type 3—sometimes mild burn, tans uniformly, golden honey or olive; Type 4—burns minimally, always tans well, moderate brown; Type 5—very rarely burns, tans very easily, dark brown; and Type 6—never burns, deeply pigmented dark brown to darkest brown. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure.