Enterovirus-associated hand-foot and mouth disease is increasing globally, highlighting the urgent need for efficacious vaccines and a vigilant global surveillance network for emerging enteroviruses.
There is an urgent need for global enterovirus surveillance and vaccine development to prevent severe neurological and cardiopulmonary complications of HFMD.
family. The typical clinical manifestations of EV-associated HFMD are febrile presentations with mucosal herpangina, oral ulcerations, and skin rashes on the hands and feet. The majority of HFMD cases resolve without consequence; however, a subset progresses to severe neurological and cardiopulmonary complications, which can be fatal. In the past two decades, EV-associated HFMD has received significant attention. In this review, we organize published papers and provide updates on epidemiology, pathogenesis, surveillance, and vaccine developments for EV-associated HFMD. The impact of EV-associated HFMD is increasing globally. Developing efficacious vaccines has become a priority for preventing EV infections without adequate treatment. Simultaneously, emerging EV infections (including EV-D68, EV-A71, Coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses) are increasing, highlighting the need to create a vigilant surveillance system for EV infections worldwide.
Huang et al. (Wed,) conducted a review in Enterovirus-associated hand-foot and mouth disease. Enterovirus-associated hand-foot and mouth disease is increasing globally, highlighting the urgent need for efficacious vaccines and a vigilant global surveillance network for emerging enteroviruses.